What is `syntax` in JavaScript programming

In JavaScript programming, syntax refers to the set of rules that define how to write correctly structured JavaScript code. JavaScript syntax dictates how you should write your identifiers, expressions, statements, and other language constructs so that the JavaScript engine can successfully interpret and execute your code. Here are some key aspects of JavaScript syntax:

Basic Syntax

Case Sensitivity: JavaScript is case-sensitive. For example, variable, Variable, and VARIABLE would be recognized as three distinct identifiers.
Statements: JavaScript statements are instructions to be executed by the web browser. They are usually separated by semicolons (;), though semicolons are optional in JavaScript due to Automatic Semicolon Insertion (ASI).
```
let x = 5; // declaration statement
x = x + 2; // expression statement
```
Comments: JavaScript supports both single-line comments, initiated with //, and multi-line comments, enclosed between /* and */.
```
// This is a single-line comment
/*
This is a multi-line comment
*/
```

Variables and Data Types

Variables: Declared using var, let, or const. The let and const keywords support block scope.
```
let message = 'Hello, world!';
const PI = 3.14;
```
Data Types: JavaScript is a loosely typed language, meaning you don't need to declare the data type of a variable explicitly. Data types include Number, String, Boolean, Object, Function, null, undefined, Symbol (ES6), and BigInt (ES2020).

Operators

Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, ++, --
Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, etc.
Comparison Operators: ==, ===, !=, !==, >, <, >=, <=
Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

Control Structures

Conditional Statements: if, else if, else, switch.

if (x > 50) {
    // code block
} else {
    // code block
}

Loops: for, while, do...while, for...in, for...of (ES6).

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}

Functions

Declared with the function keyword or as arrow functions (ES6).

function myFunction(a, b) {
    return a + b;
}

const myArrowFunction = (a, b) => a + b;

Objects and Arrays

Objects: Collections of properties.

const person = {
    firstName: "John",
    lastName: "Doe",
    age: 30
};

Arrays: Ordered collections of values.

let fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry'];

Event Handling

JavaScript can respond to user actions such as clicks, form submissions, and mouse movements through event listeners.

document.getElementById("myBtn").addEventListener("click", displayDate);

function displayDate() {
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Date();
}

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What is `syntax` in JavaScript programming